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Business Loan Glossary

Your guide to understanding essential loan terminology

Amortization

The process of gradually repaying a loan through scheduled installments, which include both principal and interest.

Annual Percentage Rate (APR)

The annualized cost of borrowing money, including interest and fees, expressed as a percentage.

Balloon Payment

A large, one-time payment due at the end of a loan term, often used in short-term or commercial loans.

Bridge Loan

A short-term loan designed to provide immediate financing while waiting for long-term funding to be secured.

Collateral

Assets pledged by the borrower to secure a loan. If the borrower defaults, the lender may claim the collateral.

Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI)

A calculation of how much of your monthly income goes toward debt payments. It is used to assess borrowing capacity.

Fixed Interest Rate

An interest rate that remains constant throughout the term of the loan, ensuring predictable payments.

Line of Credit

A flexible loan that allows borrowers to access funds up to a set limit as needed, often used for business cash flow needs.

Principal

The original amount borrowed, excluding interest and fees.

Term Loan

A loan with a fixed repayment schedule over a set period, typically used for larger purchases or investments.

Working Capital

The cash available to a business for day-to-day operations, calculated as current assets minus current liabilities.